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Temperature rise from long-term exposure to strong sunlight had a significant effect on
PV module efficiency. Module performance and power output decreased with higher
temperatures, reducing overall system efficiency. In order to reduce thermal losses and
improve PV performance through smart thermal management, this research presented a
Self-sustained active water-cooling system for PV modules using irradiance-based
control. The major aim was to create an energy-efficient, self-sufficient cooling system
that responded to current solar irradiation levels. In order to analyze environmental
conditions and operate a water pump system that actively cooled the PV surface, the
project combined an irradiance sensor, temperature sensor, and microcontroller. Since
the PV module powered the entire system on its own, there was no need for additional
power sources, ensuring energy sustainability and operational independence. According
to both theoretical study and results from relevant research, the system reduced the PV
module's surface temperature throughout periods that had intense daylight and improved
electrical output efficiency by about 5 to 10%. The cooling system assisted in reducing
water and energy since it works depend on the solar irradiance. The purpose of the project
was to reduce stress that might be caused by heat, which allowed the PV modules to
operate for a longer period of time. Furthermore, it improved compatibility with different
PV system configurations, making it a flexible and scalable way for improving solar
energy efficiency in a variety of settings. The final results showed that while high temperatures of operation lowered the performance of PV modules, the suggested self-sustaining water-cooling system decreased the module temperature in about 39–42% and improved performance in real-world circumstances for as much as 5.75% for Voc, 5.56% of Isc, as well as 9.85% in maximum power output (Pmax). In contrast to the uncooled module, the cooled PV module produced better and more reliable current, voltage, power
generation, and performance, based on either simulation along with experimental results.